Market-based approaches to environmental management, such as payment for environmental services (PES), have attracted unprecedented attention during the past decade.

This report contains separate assessments of climate policy in twelve of the major GHG emitting countries, covering government policy on mitigation, adaptation, technology transfer, and land use policies. The assessments cover the policy developments between 1st November 2008 and 20thFebruary 2009.

In 2008, three global crises converged to threaten development in the Asia-Pacific region, bringing to the fore particularly testing challenges for policymakers

This document represents the collective expertise of a diverse group of individuals concerned with ecosystem degradation, and the continuing loss of the services provided by these ecosystems. Attention is given to aquatic ecosystems because of water`s fundamental role as the `blood` of ecosystem structure and functions, and an engine of economic production.