While heads of state deliberated on the future of the world at the Riocentro, social activists and NGOs expressed their sense of frustration over the dominant paradigm of development. They represented sharply differing perspectives

Funds, always a sticky subject, was an area of considerable debate at UNCED. What emerged was a weak compromise which left northern purses relatively untapped

A comma gave rise to an argument over whether technology transfer should take place according to terms agreed upon at Rio or terms mutually agreed upon later

At UNCED, the North tried using the facile argument that their larger consumption actually provided trade and jobs for the poorer South. But nobody bit the hook

ENVIRONMENT has emerged as a major concern for the world community. And rightly so, since the global environment is affected by the actions of different countries. The theme has several

UNCED saw the largest ever gathering of heads of government in history. Ceremony, glitter and pomp were played out against a backdrop of demonstrations, haggling and scandal. The Down to Earth team, which witnessed the entire pageant, records its impres

It was the Stockholm conference, held exactly 20 years ago, which put environmental issues on the global agenda for the first time. But the contours of environmental negotiapons have changed a great deal from those early days

The South"s determined efforts to scuttle the forest convention that the North was adamant on pushing through was a major triumph. A blow-by-blow account of the crucial, often tricky, negotiation

Tough talking Malaysian negotiator Wen Lian Ting explains why the North's stand on forests is morally unjust and politically untenable

There have been many a slip between developing technology and applying it to everyday life

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