Concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (N2O) and hydrogen (H2), and the stable carbon (? 13C

After an early onset over Kerala on 23 May 2009, further advance of the monsoon over the Indian region was delayed by about two weeks with the monsoon restricted to the west coast and southern
peninsula until 24 June. This resulted in a massive deficit in the all-India rainfall of 54% of the long term average for this period.

In this review article, the authors have examined the skill of the state-of-the-art coupled ocean-atmosphere models in simulating the twentieth century mean climate of the Indian monsoon. Assessment of the skill and systematic biases of the climate models is very important for interpreting and assessing the future climate change projections over the Indian region from these models.

Patterns of sea-surface warming and cooling in the tropical Pacific seem to be changing, as do the associated atmospheric effects. Increased global warming is implicated in these shifts in El Ni

More than half a dozen oceanographic buoys are missing in action in the eastern Pacific Ocean. The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has dispatched a ship to fix the malfunctioning buoys, which are part of the 55-strong Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) array that monitors the ocean and
atmosphere.