One of the most important challenges for institutional investors in the next several years is dealing with an environment of low-yielding opportunities combined with the rising need to deploy large amounts of capital and meet growing liabilities.

Renewable power has seen a dramatic expansion in recent years thanks to sharply falling costs. But this growth has raised a new challenge for power-system operators and regulators: wind and solar PV have sometimes been deployed before the power system, including both policies and infrastructure, was ready to handle such variable supplies.

This field guide presents various methodologies for estimating biogas capacity, production and consumption. Such information can be integrated into national censuses, household surveys and energy surveys.

Europe’s policy and finance environment has enabled some of the fastest deployments of renewable assets globally. In 2016, it became the first region in the world to surpass 100GW of solar PV capacity, with 140GW of wind power installed.