India is one of the world's largest food producers, making the sustainability of its agricultural system of global significance. Groundwater irrigation underpins India's agriculture, currently boosting crop production by enough to feed 170 million people. Groundwater overexploitation has led to drastic declines in groundwater levels, threatening to push this vital resource out of reach for millions of small-scale farmers who are the backbone of India's food security.

Reservoir operation is very important part of planning and management of water resource system. Water in the reservoir can be used for Agricultural purpose as well as Electricity generation. An attempt has been made in this paper by using a linear programming for optimal reservoir operation of Reservoirs. Asia’s first hydro electric power station established in 1902 at Shivanasamudram. Karnataka was the first state to have longest transmission line in world in 1902 from shivanasamudram to Kolar gold Field covering distance of 147 KM. A case study of Mahadhayi River Project in Karnataka.