Arab countries have been pursuing a target of higher food self-sufficiency rate, but achieving this goal remained beyond reach. While they have limited cultivable land and scarce water resources, they did not use their agricultural endowments in an effective and efficient manner. Lack of appropriate agricultural policies and practices led to diminishing the bio-capacity of the resources to regenerate their services and threatened agricultural sustainability.The food crisis in recent years and the unprecedented spike in food prices, coupled with export restrictions imposed by some food producing countries reignited the call for ensuring reliable food sources for food import dependent countries. One such important source is domestic agriculture.