Access to biodiversity for research and development in India is regulated by the National Biological Diversity Act (NBDA) of 2002 which gave effect to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Some of the provisions of the Act have been amended on the basis of reactions to the Act. In addition to the provisions that govern access and benefit-sharing for commercial research, specific provisions regarding access and benefit-sharing in the context of non-commercial research have to be evolved in the wake of DNA barcoding becoming a reality for advancing taxonomic knowledge of biodiversity in the country.