Governance in the water sector is crucially important since the overarching goal of water security is to ensure the mitigation of global water crisis. Water security in mainland South Asia (Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan) hinges upon the fulfillment of two conditions. One is the avaiability or supply of water generated within the territorial boundaries of the rivers, and the other is the availability or supply of water from cross-border flows (i.e. from the watercourses of shared river basins).