the European Union (eu) governments have recently approved a new directive on renewable energy. The directive seeks to achieve the Kyoto Protocol targets of the eu. As per the directive, eu's member states must ensure that renewable energy sources supply 12 per cent of gross internal energy consumption and 22.1 per cent of electricity consumption by 2010. Under the directive, targets to increase the proportion of renewable electricity will initially be set for every eu country. The level will vary depending on the potential for development and starting point of each nation. After one year from the date of the directive becoming effective, the member countries will set their own targets, with heavy consideration placed on the levels established. Governments will also have to implement methods to certify renewable energy.