This study explores the key challenges to accessing affordable energy (SDG 7) at the household level in Ghana, and determines the groups of people that are ‘left behind’ using the decision tree analysis. Evidence shows that rural poor households in Ghana have the lowest levels of access to clean energy. The same pattern is reflected in electricity use. The study also applied a scenario-based analysis to explore the synergies and trade-offs between attaining equitable energy access and other SDGs, from 2010 to 2030, using the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning-Integrated Benefits Calculator tool (LEAP–IBC). Results showed the existence of trade-offs between SDG 7 on clean energy and SDG 3 on health, SDG 2 on food security and sustainable agriculture, SDG 5 on gender, SDG 11 on cities, and SDG 13 on climate change.
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