Systems dynamics, cellular automata, agent-based modeling, and network analyses have been used in population, land use, and transport planning models.
Links:
[1] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/feature-article/complexity-urban-development-and-management-historical-overview-and-opportunities
[2] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/author/timothy-m-baynes
[3] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/journal/journal-industrial-ecology
[4] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/thesaurus/air-pollution
[5] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/thesaurus/climate-change
[6] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/thesaurus/habitat-and-urbanisation
[7] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/thesaurus/urban-development
[8] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/thesaurus/urban-planning
[9] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/thesaurus/urban-management
[10] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/thesaurus/urban-energy
[11] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/thesaurus/united-states-america-us
[12] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/thesaurus/global
[13] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/thesaurus/food-security