Continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS) is an important tool to improve compliance and enforcement of environmental regulation. Developed countries, such as Germany, Great Britain and USA, and developing countries, such as China and South Africa, have experienced the benefits of CEMS implementation. All these countries, however, faced challenges in implementing CEMS that they eventually overcame. India is in the initial phase of implementation and struggling with the issues such as absence of guidelines and protocols on technology selection, installation, and operation and maintenance; absence of quality assurance, verification, mechanism for compliance checking; and lack of required knowledge and skill among stakeholders. Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) is working to improve the implementation of the CEMS programme, including capacity building of regulators on CEMS.