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Greenhouse gas emission footprints and energy use benchmarks for eight U.S. cities [1]

A hybrid life cycle-based trans-boundary greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions footprint is elucidated at the city-scale and evaluated for 8 US cities. The method incorporates end-uses of energy within city boundaries, plus cross-boundary demand for airline/freight transport and embodied energy of four key urban materials [food, water, energy (fuels), and shelter (cement)], essential for life in all cities. These cross-boundary activities contributed 47% on average more than the in-boundary GHG contributions traditionally reported for cities, indicating significant truncation at city boundaries of GHG emissions associated with urban activities. Incorporating cross-boundary contributions created convergence in per capita GHG emissions from the city-scale (average 23.7 mt-CO2e/capita) to the national-scale (24.5 mt-CO2e/capita), suggesting that six key cross-boundary activities may suffice to yield a holistic GHG emission footprint for cities, with important policy ramifications. Average GHG contributions from various human activity sectors include buildings/facilities energy use (47.1%), regional surface transport (20.8%), food production (14.7%), transport fuel production (6.4%), airline transport (4.8%), long-distance freight trucking (2.8%), cement production (2.2%), and water/wastewater/waste processing (1.3%). Energy-, travel-, and key materials-consumption efficiency metrics are elucidated in these sectors; these consumption metrics are observed to be largely similar across the eight U.S. cities and consistent with national/regional averages.

Publication Date: 
05/02/2010
Tim Hillman [2], Anu Ramaswami [3]
Environmental Science & Technology [4]
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Tags:
Food Supply [5], Carbon Dioxide [6], Climate Change [7], Green House Gases [8], Consumption Patterns [9], Transport [10], Energy [11], United States Of America (US) [12]
Centre for Science and Environment
National Knowledge Commission Government of India

Technology Partners: MimirTech


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Source URL: http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/feature-article/greenhouse-gas-emission-footprints-and-energy-use-benchmarks-eight-us-cities

Links:
[1] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/feature-article/greenhouse-gas-emission-footprints-and-energy-use-benchmarks-eight-us-cities
[2] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/author/tim-hillman
[3] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/author/anu-ramaswami
[4] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/journal/environmental-science-technology
[5] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/thesaurus/food-supply
[6] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/thesaurus/carbon-dioxide
[7] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/thesaurus/climate-change
[8] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/thesaurus/green-house-gases
[9] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/thesaurus/consumption-patterns
[10] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/thesaurus/transport
[11] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/thesaurus/energy
[12] http://admin.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/thesaurus/united-states-america-us