Road transport consumes 60% of the world’s petroleum supply and contributes to 23% of the total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Transport can contribute to up to 70% of air pollution in Asian cities. In India, CO2 emissions from transport are expected to grow at 7% to 8% per year and the majority of passenger transport emissions would be due to intercity travel. In the cities, it has been estimated that if the current trip mode share were retained, then CO2 emissions would increase two- or three-fold between 2008 and 2025 due to a rapid growth in urban population and an increase in the number of trips. This report describes the various policies that govern bus transport in India and the current state of the industry. It also discusses case studies involving a few major bus city and intercity operators. This study aims to determine the potential of a national-level implementation of best practices to improve fuel efficiency, to reduce emissions and to change the image of bus transport