Climate change is a natural phenomenon. Anthropogenic climate change has been accelerated by the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs), primarily from industrialization, deforestation and increased use of fossil fuels for transport. Scientific evidence, as cited by the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), clearly indicates the wide scale of climate change. Accordingly, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution to develop an international legal instrument to address this global problem. In accordance with this, the Inter-governmental Negotiation Committee met several times and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was adopted in May 1992. This Convention was opened for signature at the UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in June 1992. Nepal signed this Convention on 12 June 1992 and became Party to it in 1994.The impacts of climate change are vivid in least developed, landlocked, and mountainous countries. Nepal is also highly affected by climate change. It has been an urgent necessity to address the issue of climate change by formulating a policy and implementing relevant programmes to minimize the existing effects and likely impacts in different ecological regions—from the Southern plains to the middle hills and to the high Himalayan mountains in the north, and their peoples, livelihoods, and ecosystems.