As climate impacts intensify across the globe, nations must dramatically increase funding and implementation of actions designed to help vulnerable nations and communities adapt to the climate storm, according to this new report by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

South Africa's ambition is to build a more inclusive, resilient and sustainable economy. This ambition depends on the extent to which the country is able to shift from its heavy dependence on coal to low-carbon activities and to address the growing risks presented by climate change.

Ghana has achieved major development gains over the past three decades, but progress has slowed and there are causes for concern going forward. Ghana sought to fuel its development by leveraging markets, but debt sustainability is a concern, compounded by crises.

This past year has seen massive impacts from climate change: heatwaves and wildfires in India, Europe and the USA; floods in Pakistan, China and Australia; droughts in Europe, East Africa, and North America; intense tropical storms in the central Pacific and North Atlantic.

This report has been prepared in response to the request from CMA 3 for the secretariat to annually update the NDC synthesis report.