Human survival-biodiversity conservation interdependence is globally recognized and scientifically established. The inadequacy of the current national and international policy and legal framework to contain and limit the forces triggering disequilibria in human survival-biodiversity conservation linkages has prompted national and international policy makers to search for innovative and workable solutions for biodiversity conservation and strengthening life support systems. The India Ecodevelopment Project IEP) is one such attempt. IEP is based on three key premises. The first premise is that population pressure on natural resources including forests and protected areas (PA) is the key threat to biodiversity conservation. The second premise is that it is poverty that drives people to over exploit forest and natural resources for their survival. Inadequate management of PAs is the third premise.