Exposure to heavy metals may cause kidney damage. The population living near the Avonmouth zinc smelter has been exposed to cadmium and other heavy metals for many decades. The study aimed to assess Cd body burden and early signs of kidney damage in the Avonmouth population.

Bone toxicity has been linked to organochlorine exposure following a few notable poisoning incidents, but epidemiologic studies in populations with environmental organochlorine
exposure have yielded inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to investigate whether organochlorine exposure was associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in a population 60