Chemical carcinogens such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) may contribute to the etiology of human diet-associated
cancer. Individually, these are genotoxic, but the consequences of exposure to mixtures of these chemicals have not been systematically examined. The objective of the study was to determine the mutagenic response to mixtures of BaP and PhIP at concentrations relevant to human exposure (mM to sub-nM).