Political boundaries do not limit the movement of biological resources and knowledge. Countries in the Himalayan region share common biological resources and traditional knowledge, and protection and sustainable use cannot be planned effectively by single countries in isolation. The unsustainable exploitation of wild flora and fauna is continuing through cross-border trade, and especially sensitive areas with high levels of biodiversity such as in the mountains need special protection and regulation. Regional cooperation needs to be strengthened to address the violation of national laws on genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge. A regional access and benefit sharing (ABS) framework will increase the bargaining power of countries sharing these common resources. By acting regionally, countries can express their priorities more strongly.