Energy is an indispensable input for economic growth and human development. There is a strong two-way relationship between economic development and energy consumption. To achieve a sustained economic growth rate of 8%-9%, till 2031/32 and to meet the lifetime energy needs of all its citizens, India needs, at the very least, to increase its primary energy supply by 3 to 4 times and its electricity generation capacity by approximately 6 times. Demand for energy will keep increasing because of accelerated industrialization, urbanization and an emerging consumer society. India is the world’s sixth-largest energy consumer, with 3.5 percent of global energy consumption. The Indian economy is growing rapidly at an average of about 8% a year over the past five years and is expected to maintain this growth rate till 2030. However, the energy growth has been growing only at 32% and therefore India has witnessed a decoupling of economic growth and energy demand, with energy efficiency being a major factor in this trend.