In a survey of 1836 adult US smokers, when using a direct comparison measure, 22.1% reported snus was less harmful than were cigarettes. When asked indirectly (estimating the health risk of snus and cigarettes in 2 seprate questions and comparing the answers to each other), 51.6% rated snus as less risky. The Food and Drug Administration should consider both direct and indirect measures when perceived risk data are presented as evidence for tobacco regulations.

Using data on 2868 children born in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study, the authors examined the association between changes in family socioeconomic status and childhood asthma.