Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) remote sensing offers new and improved capabilities for vertical and structural characterization of objects, such as plant height and different growth stages/strata, etc. Climate change will change tree and plant growth conditions and thus will change forest structure and distribution, which can potentially be studied using LiDAR remote sensing. LiDAR data were acquired during leafless season that was subjected to generation of digital terrain model, digital surface model, vegetation height model, forest height map, top height of forest stands, detection of gaps, detection and mapping of tree stands, mapping of density classes of middle layer and understorey detection of coniferous trees.

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