Policies that encourage sustainable growth and entrepreneurship have the potential to ignite a green industrial revolution in Africa. Transformative economic and ‘green growth’ policies, combined with entrepreneurship, could enable Africa to ‘leap frog’ to a clean, resource-efficient modern economy. A new working paper finds that Africa’s transformation to a more prosperous and sustainable economy will require both structural change – the shift of workers and other resources from low-productivity sectors, such as subsistence agriculture, to high-productivity sectors, such as industry and modern services - and faster productivity growth. It also finds that both economic transformation and structural change depend upon entrepreneurs driving change through innovation and risk-taking.