Bhutan has a strong track record of reducing poverty and boosting shared prosperity, primarily supported by the state, which has played a large role in the country's development accomplishments.Growth has been driven mainly by the public sector through hydropower development. State dominance is also reflected in the existence of a large number of state-owned enterprises (SOEs).However, the dependence on hydropower has resulted in a weak private sector and also created macroeconomic vulnerabilities. The high import content of hydropower construction widened the external imbalance and increased indebtedness. In addition, tax
collection at 14 percent of grossdomestic product (GDP) in 2017/18 is low by international standards. The government has taken important steps to develop the nascent private sector through investments in infrastructure and improvements in the investment climate. It has also invested heavily in education and health. Despite these laudable investments, available jobs remain vacant, while educated youth remain unemployed. While hydropower will remain dominant in the foreseeable future, Bhutan's demographic transition requires more concerted efforts to develop the private sector.