The report provides an overview of tiger monitoring studies undertaken in Valmiki Tiger Reserve (TX2 site) using intensive camera trapping and line transect and tiger & prey population estimates. The study also highlights critical conservation issues, threats, challenges and opportunities for the recovery of tiger populations. Over the years, several breeding tigers have been recorded within Valmiki Tiger Reserve, attesting the positive impacts of management interventions and potential to support a resident population of tigers. Besides tigers, the study also highlights the presence of 32 mammalian species, including the Dhole, Hyena, Rusty Spotted Cat and Rhinoceros.