For Tanzania to generate future income and achieve sustainable development, it is essential for the country to invest in its citizens—both children and adults—according to the new World Bank economic analysis for the country. Building on the World Bank’s Human Capital Index (HCI) and human capital wealth data, the Tanzania Economic Update: Human Capital, The Real Wealth of Nations, suggests ways the country could invest in its people for faster poverty reduction. The HCI was released as part of the Bank’s Human Capital Project, which the Tanzanian government is part of. Estimates of poverty based on the 2016/17 Household Budget Survey suggest that while the poverty rate was reduced slightly since 2012, the absolute number of people living in poverty has increased. Strengthening human capital is critical to accelerate growth and make it more inclusive.