The study to assess the climate change risks and vulnerabilities of Madhya Pradesh was taken up under the collaborative project of Ministry of Environment & Forests and GIZ on Climate Change Adaptation in Rural Areas of India, understanding that Adaptation is the State’s key concern with respect to Climate Change. Realizing that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) would support in formulating robust adaptation strategies and also in integrating climate change concerns in development planning processes, the State Government agreed to undertake this study. Two key challenges before embarking on such a comprehensive study were to evolve an appropriate methodology to conduct such a state level assessment ensuring participation from stakeholders and to collect requisite data from different sectors for different timelines. Equally challenging was to ensure that VA inferences inform the State Action Plan on Climate Change.