Coconut is an important oil crop that supports the livelihoods of the majority of coastal people in Tanzania. Despite of the efforts made by the government of Tanzania in coconut sub-sector promotion, little is known about the current production and factors affecting the production. Therefore this study aims to assess the production of coconuts and factors affecting the production of coconut and to advise suitable research and development areas in coconut sub-sector in Tanzania. A diagnostic survey was conducted using a questionnaire, focus group discussion and interview of key informants.