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Studies using reconstructed exposure histories have suggested an association between heavy metal exposures, including lead, and Parkinson's disease (PD), and a study that used bone lead as a biomarker of cumulative lead exposure also reported a nonsignificant association with PD. Weisskopf et al. estimated the association between bone lead and PD among 330 PD patients and 318 controls. Bone lead concentrations were measured using 109Cd-excited K-shell X-ray fluorescence. The authors report an association between PD and tibia bone lead, which has a half-life of several decades, but no association with patella bone lead, which has a half-life of

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