Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem globally and its control is a daunting challenge in low-income country settings such as India. Our country contributes 20% of the global burden of new TB cases. TB in children remains
a major public health concern, especially as severe forms of the disease often occur, and there are many challenges to accurately diagnosing TB disease in children. BCG vaccination is an important component of the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) in India and is administered at birth. However, the role of BCG vaccination in the prevention of the acquisition of TB infection amongst children and hence in TB control remains controversial.