We conducted a survey in Kerala from December 2009 to March 2010 to document Nilgiri Tahr Nilgiritragus hylocrius (Ogilby) populations in fourteen sites that ranged from Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary in the southern Western Ghats to Silent Valley, north of the Palghat Gap. The total sightings of the Nilgiri Tahr over the course of the survey were 235 animals, of which yearlings and kids constituted 12%.