Government of India as well State Governments, hitherto had been encouraging cities to prepare conventional sewage management plans comprising of sewer networks and sewage treatment plants, on whole city basis. This process although tested and robust but is cost and time intensive. Further, sanitation sector has become a priority, in Government funding, from last few years only. As a result, only about 40 percent of the urban population could be covered with sewerage system. While the current approach remains to provide sewerage system in cities in the long run, of late, States have been encouraging ULBs to cover the hitherto unsewered population with Faecal Sludge and Septage (FSSM) facilities expeditiously. The Government of India as well State Governments, hitherto had been encouraging cities to prepare conventional sewage management plans comprising of sewer networks and sewage treatment plants, on whole city basis. This process although tested and robust but is cost and time intensive. Further, sanitation sector has become a priority, in Government funding, from last few years only. As a result, only about 40 percent of the urban population could be covered with sewerage system. While the current approach remains to provide sewerage system in cities in the long run, of late, States have been encouraging ULBs to cover the hitherto unsewered population with Faecal Sludge and Septage (FSSM) facilities expeditiously.