The purpose of this analytical white paper is to identify effects of health concerns for air pollution on government and public actions in India, identify barriers and opportunities; and propose recommendations on how to use heath concerns to build support for air pollution control and prevention. Given the status of the evidence and the challenges outlined, the authors still believe that much can be done to (a) document the health impacts of air pollution; (b) engage diverse stakeholder groups to call for multi-sectoral action; (c) raise awareness especially amongst vulnerable populations; and (d) carry out impact evaluations.