Protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) are important to stop the global decline in biodiversity. Systematic site-based monitoring of the state of biodiversity and conservation outcomes is necessary for evidence-based adaptive management in protected areas and OECMs. Biodiversity monitoring is also important to inform managers if they are meeting their conservation goals. The framework described in this publication will help managers and site planners to consider all relevant details to develop effective biodiversity monitoring programmes for improved management outcomes.