Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) should be organized on the relevant scale of the basins of rivers, lakes and aquifers, especially when they are transboundary. But significant progress should be made to move from theory to practice and take concrete action for transboundary cooperation on water wherever necessary, regarding surface waters and groundwater as well. This document aims to provide practical advice to improve governance of freshwater resources in the context of shared water resources between countries, based on practical examples of achievements already developed in various basins.