This publication presents the results of this process: i.e., an analytical and strategic framework for value chain development in the HKH mountain areas. The first part looks at the need to adapt the generic value chain framework to the mountain context, and examines the mountain specificities (unique/niche production, limited accessibility, fragility, marginality, and diversity). The adapted framework provides an opportunity to better comprehend and reflect upon the specificities of mountain value chains. It is crucial to have an understanding of the magnitude and integrated aspects of the mountain specificities of value chains in order to select the right chain to develop, and the right strategic focus, to actually achieve an improvement for mountain stakeholders. The second part looks at the analytical and strategic framework for value chain development in the mountains, presents various case studies from the value chain pilots, and provides guiding questions for practitioners.