The main objectives of the study are: To analyze the agricultural growth in all the 17 river basins of Tamil Nadu using the total factor productivity approach;  To study the income inequality in all the river basins of Tamil Nadu, and  To suggest policy options to improve the productivity of agriculture in the basins;  To assess the performance of agriculture, apart from growth rates, total factor productivity (TFP) was mainly used employing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA).