This paper presents the results of the Asian Development Bank’s (ADB) study on Social Protection Index (SPI) in Asia and the Pacific from the poverty dimension perspective. The SPI is a compact, simple indicator designed to help governments assess social protection programs. The paper analyzes the impact on the poor and the nonpoor of three major categories of social protection programs: social insurance, social assistance, and the labor market. The analysis of the poverty impact of social protection programs using the SPI can help governments fine-tune their social protection programs to alleviate poverty and promote inclusive growth.