This guideline provides criteria for sustainable sand mining both in-stream and off-channel extraction of sand, the theory of sediment transport in rivers, an important factors determining sand replenishment rate together with a discussion of the impacts of river sand mining. Recommendations for management of sustainable sand extraction are the key objective of the guideline. Emphasis is given to the setting up of monitoring plans that will provide data on profile changes and sediment transport capacity to enable the authorities to evaluate the long-term effect of the mining activities both upstream and downstream of sand extraction sites.