In this volume, seek to highlight how the sustainable use of biodiversity as practiced in well-managed SEPLS can contribute to effective area-based conservation of biodiversity. The concept of SEPLS includes the idea that integrated and holistic management approaches can have mutual benefits for biodiversity and livelihoods, sustainably conserving biodiversity while providing humans with adequate ecosystem services. The case studies included here give examples of how such approaches on the ground can contribute to the goals of the global conservation agenda, especially in relation to the CBD’s Aichi Biodiversity Target 11, which contains the concept of ”effectively and equitably managed, ecologically representative and well-connected systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures” and their integration into the wider landscape and seascape.