A 25% rise in food insecurity increases the risk of conflict by 36%, while a 25% increase in the number of people without access to clean water increases the likelihood of conflict by 18%, says Institute for Economics and Peace.

This is the third edition of the Ecological Threat Report (ETR), which analyses ecological threats in 228 independent states and territories.

Countries hit by ecological damage and conflict are trapped in a vicious cycle where one problem reinforces the other. And climate change is expected to make things worse. Ecological threats will lead to widespread conflict and mass migration unless significant efforts are made to limit the damage, a global think-tank report found.