In spite of the widely accepted success of Community Forestry in reviving degraded land, it is still seen as being unable to provide tangible benefits to the poor.

Drawing on the experience of Livelihoods and Forestry Programme in Nepal, this paper makes the case for community-generated planning, selfmonitoring and evaluation for adaptive learning and good governance in community forest user groups (CFUGs) in Nepal. These processes, conceptualised as Adaptive Learning and Action