Crude oil in the form of marine spills has always given governments, environmentalists and oil companies more than a dozen reasons to worry. Spilled on the ocean surface, it is known to cause immediate and long-term damage that is likely to
continue for centuries to come. The Exxon Valdez oil tanker tragedy is one such event that continues to send reminders in the form of poisoned fish, blinded turtles, health
problems for the fishing families residing around the Bligh Reef of Alaska and oily ducks and otters that dig into the ocean floor for food and eat settled crude oil, hastening their death every time they do so.