This policy brief aims to draw attention to the lessons pastoral systems offer in the face of climate change. Exploring the key factors enabling and hampering the resilience of pastoral systems to climate change, it indicates how the challenge of sustainable and resilient food systems could be tackled under increasingly unpredictable climate conditions. As global temperatures continue to increase, food systems are facing a double burden: while emitting over one third of global greenhouse gases, they are jeopardised by climate change at the same time.