India urgently requires substantial investment in climate adaptation efforts to sustain progress on development. Recognizing the criticality of the impact of climate change for development and growth, India has anchored its adaptation approach within the country’s wider development goals. While the government has endeavored to finance adaptation initiatives, adaptation investment needs at the national level are large and will increase in the future. This study examines India’s approach to adaptation, related investment needs, and funding gaps, as well as avenues for bridging these gaps through public and private finance.