This is the Presentation delivered by Prof. Lavanya Rajamani, Centre for Policy Research, at International Conference on 'Compliance and Liability in Climate Change Negotiations' organized by CSE on 1 March 2011 at New Delhi. The presentation deals with the future of compliance with the Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol contains a compliance system to facilitate and enforce compliance with its commitments. It draws attention to certain issues: 1) what would happen with KP and the countries not complying with the Kyoto Protocol commitments if there is no second commitment period?, 2) If there are no second commitment period targets, will the compliance mechanism still continue?, and 3) What would be the implications of a "gap" between commitment periods?