This paper identifies legal, architectural and technical options for operationalising the equity reference framework (ERF). This framework is increasingly being proposed as a means to address the imperatives of effectiveness and equity in the 2015 agreement.

This paper focuses upon the increasing propensity of the EU to engage in climate change unilateralism. EU climate unilateralism consists of two key components. First, it extends the reach of EU climate change law beyond the borders of the EU and regulates GHG-generating activities that may be viewed as taking place abroad.

This is the Presentation delivered by Prof. Lavanya Rajamani, Centre for Policy Research, at International Conference on 'Compliance and Liability in Climate Change Negotiations' organized by CSE on 1 March 2011 at New Delhi. The presentation deals with the future of compliance with the Kyoto Protocol.

It is axiomatic that the climate impacts documented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change are likely to undermine the realization of a range of protected human rights. Yet it is only in the recent past that an explicit human rights approach has been

The Bangkok and Barcelona negotiations demonstrated that the international climate negotiations have yet to reach the level of maturity required for states to adopt a legally binding

After months of faltering and incremental progress on negotiating text, two months before the end of the two year process leading to the Copenhagen Climate Conference, 2009, diplomats in Bangkok finally started debating the substantive ideas underlying Parties

This article identifies and explores the range of legal form options available to states in the negotiation process, and outlines the political and strategic considerations at play which will ultimately govern choice of legal form. This article argues that one of the most significant factors hindering substantive progress on a post-2012 climate agreement is, what