Accountability is essential for global climate action and governance. The issue brief analyses the existing transparency and compliance mechanism under the Paris Agreement. Further, it discusses the challenges in ownership of targets and obligations under climate agreements amongst member countries.

Various public development banks provide unearmarked loans to countries in exchange for policy and institutional reforms through what are known as “policy-based operations”.

This report has been prepared in response to the request from CMA 3 for the secretariat to annually update the NDC synthesis report.

This synthesis report on long-term low-emission development strategies synthesizes information from the 53 latest available long-term low-emission development strategies, representing 62 Parties to the Paris Agreement, submitted to the secretariat as at 23 September 2022.

This issue brief examines the urgency to address loss and damage and its associated impacts. It highlights the different perspectives to understand loss and damage and discusses the fundamental gaps and challenges surrounding the issue.

The COP26 climate summit in Glasgow saw important progress made on the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA). However, there is much work still to be done to bring the GGA concept to life.

This report synthesises the main messages from the Resilience Hub and aims to help set the direction for future action towards COP27 and beyond.

Climate ambition is nuanced and context specific – but what is clear is that the most vulnerable countries in the world continue to demonstrate leadership in preparing more ambitious climate pledges under the Paris Agreement, known as Nationally Determined Contributions (or NDCs).

The 10 recommendations in the COP26 Special Report on Climate Change and Health propose a set of priority actions from the global health community to governments and policy makers, calling on them to act with urgency on the current climate and health crises.