India’s economy has grown at an impressive pace over the last two decades as a result of wide-ranging structural reforms to open up the economy and make it more competitive. More recently, activity has slowed reflecting not only the weak global environment but also the emergence of strains created by the pressure that rapid economic growth has put on energy, natural resources, infrastructure and skills. Drawing on the expertise and experience of OECD and partner countries, this report presents an update of OECD policy advice in those areas that are critical to India’s long-term economic performance and social development: financial sector, competition, regulation, innovation, infrastructure, energy efficiency, green growth, poverty reduction, employment, education and health.